Voice

Voice

Rule 1 : Active ‡K Passive Kivi mgq Active Gi Subject , Passive G by + Object Z‡e with, to , at, on I e‡m  + Auxiliary Verb + g~j Verb  Gi V2

Ex : He writes a letter. ( Pass)

       A letter is written by him.

Rule 2 : Tense Gi cwieZ©b|

Tense	Active	Passive
Present Indefinite	_v‡K bv| sub. 3rd  person singular number n‡j s/es e‡m	am / is/ are
PresentContinuous	am / is / are	am being / is being / are being.
Present Perfect	have / has	have been / has been
Past Indefinite	_v‡K bv| Verb Gi Past form nq|	was / were
Past Continuous	was / were	was being / were being
Past Perfect	had	had been
Future Indefinite	shall / will	shall be / will be
Future Continuous	shall be / will be	shall be being/ will be being
Future Perfect	Shall have/ will have	shall have been / will have been

A_©vr Continuous G  being  & Perfect G been e‡m|

Ex : People of all ages enjoy the game. ( pass)

       The game is enjoyed by people of all ages.

Ex : Its shore is visited by tourists from home and abroad . (act)

Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (DcKzj)

Ex : We eat rice. ( pass)

       Ricw is eaten by us.

Ex : Holes were being dug in several places by him ( Act)

He was dugging holes in several places.

Rule : 3  Subject Gi Object iƒc|

Subject	Object	Subject	Object
I	Me	We	Us
Yoy	You	He	Him
She	Her	They	Them

Rule 4 : Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Would, Must, Ought to, going to BZ¨vw`i ci  be Ges main verb Gi past perticiple form e‡m|

Ex : Shikha may write a letter (pass)

       A letter may be written by Shikha.

Ex : The lesson must be learned by her (act)

She must learn the lesson.

Ex : The students ought to respect the teacher . (pass)

       The teachers ought to be respected by the students.

Ex : A school is going to be started by Mr. Khan. ( act)

Mr. Khan is going to start a school.

Ex : They should be taken care of by the Government. ( act)

       The Government should take care of them.

Rule 5 : Introgative hy³ Active ‡K passive Kivi Introgative ‡K cÖ_‡g assertive K‡i wb‡j eyS‡Z mnR nq Zvi ci Auxiliary verb wU cÖ_‡g ewm‡q `vI †k‡l ?

Ex : Do you see the man ?

Ass : You see the man

Pass : Is the man seen by you ?

Ex : Have you learned the lesson?

Ass : You have learened the lesson.

Pass : Has the lesson been learn by you ?

Ex : Did you eat the mango ?

Ass : You ate the mango.

Pass : The mango was eaten by you

Pass Int : Was the mango eaten by you ?

Rule 6 : Who hy³ Introgative , Active ‡_‡K passive Gi who, By whom + aux. verb +  g~j verb Gi c‡ii Obj. + verb Gi v2 +?    

Ex : Who is ringing the bell ?

       By Whom is the bell being rung ?

Ex : Who has done the sums ?

By whom have the sums been done ?

Ex : Who will drive the car ?

       By whom will the car be drive ?

               Note : ‡¶Î we‡kl tense Abyhvqx be/being/ been  e‡m|

Ex : Who does not love a truthful person ?

By whom is a truthful person not loved ?

Ex : Who taught you English ?

       By whom were you taught English ?

Rule 7 : (What=what)/ (Whom=who) hy³ Introgative Gi Rb¨

 What/who + aux. verb + v2 + by + sub Gi obj. form +?

Ex : What does he say ?

       What is said by him ?

Ex : What have you written ?

What has been written by you ?

Ex : Whom did you send ?

       Who was sent by you ?

Ex : Whom are you praising ?

Who is being praised by you ?

Rule 8 : Imperative sentense Gi Rb¨ Auxiliary verb wenxb|

    Let + obj.+ be+ v2

Ex : Drive the car.

       Let the car be driven.

Ex : Drop the letter.

Let the letter be droped.

‡h me Imp. Sen. Let + (me, us, you, him, her, them _v‡K)

Let +obj, +be+ V2+ By + Pronominal obj.

Ex : Let him do the work.

       Let the work be done by him.

Ex : Let me buy a pen.

Let a pen be bought by me.

‡h me Imp. Sen. G Do not _v‡K

Let not + obj. + be + v2.

Ex : Do not beat the dog .

       Let not the dog be beaten.

Ex : Do not tease him .

Let not him be teased.

Rule 9 : Factitive object A_©vr AwZwi³ Object

Obj.n‡e Sub + aux.verb + v2 + fac. obj. + by + sub n‡e obj.

Ex : We elected him chairman.

        He was elected chairman by us.

Ex : We called the dog pat.

The dog was called pat by us.

Rule 10: Quasi passive A_©vr A‡a©K Passive A‡a©K active Gi Rb¨|

Sub+ auxi. verb + adjective + when + Sub Abyhvqx It/ They + cybivq Auxi. verb +v2.

Ex: Honey testes sweet.

      Honey is sweet when it is tested.

Md. Mursalin Sardar

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