Voice
Rule 1 : Active ‡K Passive Kivi mgq Active Gi Subject ,
Passive G by + Object Z‡e with, to ,
at, on I e‡m + Auxiliary
Verb + g~j Verb Gi V2
Ex : He writes a letter. (
Pass)
A letter is written by him.
Rule 2 : Tense Gi cwieZ©b|
Tense
|
Active
|
Passive
|
Present Indefinite
|
_v‡K
bv| sub. 3rd person singular number n‡j s/es e‡m
|
am / is/ are
|
PresentContinuous
|
am / is / are
|
am being / is being / are
being.
|
Present Perfect
|
have / has
|
have been / has been
|
Past Indefinite
|
_v‡K
bv| Verb Gi Past
form nq|
|
was / were
|
Past Continuous
|
was / were
|
was being / were being
|
Past Perfect
|
had
|
had been
|
Future Indefinite
|
shall / will
|
shall be / will be
|
Future Continuous
|
shall be / will be
|
shall be being/ will be
being
|
Future Perfect
|
Shall have/ will have
|
shall have been / will have
been
|
A_©vr Continuous G being
& Perfect G been e‡m|
Ex : People of all ages enjoy
the game. ( pass)
The game is enjoyed by people of all
ages.
Ex : Its shore is visited by tourists from home and
abroad . (act)
Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore. (DcKzj)
Ex : We eat rice. ( pass)
Ricw is eaten by us.
Ex : Holes were being dug in several places by him (
Act)
He was dugging holes in several places.
Rule : 3 Subject Gi Object iƒc|
Subject
|
Object
|
Subject
|
Object
|
I
|
Me
|
We
|
Us
|
Yoy
|
You
|
He
|
Him
|
She
|
Her
|
They
|
Them
|
Rule 4 : Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Would, Must, Ought
to, going to BZ¨vw`i
ci
be Ges main verb Gi past
perticiple form e‡m|
Ex : Shikha may write a
letter (pass)
A letter may be written by Shikha.
Ex : The lesson must be learned by her (act)
She must learn the lesson.
Ex : The students ought to
respect the teacher . (pass)
The teachers ought to be respected by
the students.
Ex : A school is going to be started by Mr. Khan. (
act)
Mr. Khan is going to start a school.
Ex : They should be taken
care of by the Government. ( act)
The Government should take care of them.
Rule 5 : Introgative hy³ Active ‡K passive Kivi Introgative ‡K cÖ_‡g assertive K‡i wb‡j eyS‡Z mnR nq Zvi ci Auxiliary verb wU cÖ_‡g ewm‡q `vI †k‡l ?
Ex : Do you see the man ?
Ass : You see the man
Pass : Is the man seen by you ?
Ex : Have you learned the
lesson?
Ass : You have learened the
lesson.
Pass : Has the lesson been
learn by you ?
Ex : Did you eat the mango ?
Ass : You ate the mango.
Pass : The mango was eaten by you
Pass Int : Was the mango eaten by you ?
Rule 6 : Who hy³ Introgative ,
Active ‡_‡K passive Gi who, By whom +
aux. verb + g~j verb Gi c‡ii Obj. + verb Gi v2 +?
Ex : Who is ringing the bell
?
By
Whom is the bell being rung ?
Ex : Who has done the sums ?
By whom have the sums been done ?
Ex : Who will drive the car ?
By whom will the car be drive ?
Note : ‡¶Î we‡kl tense Abyhvqx be/being/
been e‡m|
Ex : Who does not love a truthful person ?
By whom is a truthful person not loved ?
Ex : Who taught you English ?
By whom were you taught English ?
Rule 7 : (What=what)/ (Whom=who) hy³ Introgative Gi Rb¨
What/who + aux. verb + v2 + by + sub Gi obj. form +?
Ex : What does he say ?
What is said by him ?
Ex : What have you written ?
What has been written by you ?
Ex : Whom did you send ?
Who was sent by you ?
Ex : Whom are you praising ?
Who is being praised by you ?
Rule 8 : Imperative sentense Gi Rb¨
Auxiliary verb wenxb|
Let +
obj.+ be+ v2
Ex : Drive the car.
Let the car be driven.
Ex : Drop the letter.
Let the letter be droped.
‡h
me Imp. Sen. Let + (me, us, you,
him, her, them _v‡K)
Let +obj, +be+ V2+ By +
Pronominal obj.
Ex : Let him do the work.
Let the work be done by him.
Ex : Let me buy a pen.
Let a pen be bought by me.
‡h
me Imp. Sen. G Do not _v‡K
Let not + obj. + be + v2.
Ex : Do not beat the dog .
Let not the dog be beaten.
Ex : Do not tease him .
Let not him be teased.
Rule 9 : Factitive object A_©vr AwZwi³
Object
Obj.n‡e Sub + aux.verb + v2 + fac. obj. + by + sub n‡e obj.
Ex : We elected him chairman.
He was elected chairman by us.
Ex : We called the dog pat.
The dog was called pat by us.
Rule 10: Quasi passive A_©vr A‡a©K
Passive A‡a©K active Gi Rb¨|
Sub+ auxi. verb + adjective +
when + Sub Abyhvqx It/ They + cybivq Auxi. verb
+v2.
Ex: Honey testes sweet.
Honey is sweet when it is tested.
Md. Mursalin Sardar
Mob :
01925-425876/01718-365468/01918-365468
www.mursalinsardarstudy.blogspot.com/
mursalinsardar@ymail.com/mursalinsardar@gmail.com
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